Computes the parity of an address.

Parity is defined in the following way:

• even-parity address: an address with a pop count (Hamming weight) that is even.
• odd-parity address: an address with a pop count (Hamming weight) that is odd.

Examples of even-parity and odd-parity addresses:

• 0b00000000 : even (Hamming weight = 0)
• 0b00000001 : odd (Hamming weight = 1)
• 0b00000010 : odd (Hamming weight = 1)
• 0b00000011 : even (Hamming weight = 2)
• 0b00000100 : odd (Hamming weight = 1)
• ...
• 0b11111110 : odd (Hamming weight = 7)
• 0b11111111 : even (Hamming weight = 8)

Represents the parity of a value (whether the value is even or odd).