The underlying datatype for all the types in this package. In has six type parameters:

• l is the type of values that may be left over from this Pipe . A Pipe with no leftovers would use Void here, and one with leftovers would use the same type as the i parameter. Leftovers are automatically provided to the next Pipe in the monadic chain.
• i is the type of values for this Pipe 's input stream.
• o is the type of values for this Pipe 's output stream.
• u is the result type from the upstream Pipe .
• m is the underlying monad.
• r is the result type.

A basic intuition is that every Pipe produces a stream of output values ( o ), and eventually indicates that this stream is terminated by sending a result ( r ). On the receiving end of a Pipe , these become the i and u parameters.

Since 0.5.0

Wait for a single input value from upstream.

Since 0.5.0

This is similar to await , but will return the upstream result value as Left if available.

Since 0.5.0

Wait for input forever, calling the given inner Pipe for each piece of new input. Returns the upstream result type.

Since 0.5.0

Send a single output value downstream. If the downstream Pipe terminates, this Pipe will terminate as well.

Since 0.5.0

Provide a single piece of leftover input to be consumed by the next pipe in the current monadic binding.

Note : it is highly encouraged to only return leftover values from input already consumed from upstream.

Since 0.5.0

Split a pipe into head and tail.

Since 1.3.3

Split a pipe into head and tail or return its result if it is done.

Since 1.3.3

Bracket a pipe computation between allocation and release of a resource. We guarantee, via the MonadResource context, that the resource finalization is exception safe. However, it will not necessarily be prompt , in that running a finalizer may wait until the ResourceT block exits.

Since 0.5.0

The identity Pipe .

Since 0.5.0

Compose a left and right pipe together into a complete pipe.

Since 0.5.0

Same as pipe , but automatically applies injectLeftovers to the right Pipe .

Since 0.5.0

Run a pipeline until processing completes.

Since 0.5.0

Transforms a Pipe that provides leftovers to one which does not, allowing it to be composed.

This function will provide any leftover values within this Pipe to any calls to await . If there are more leftover values than are demanded, the remainder are discarded.

Since 0.5.0

Fuse together two Pipe s, connecting the output from the left to the input of the right.

Notice that the leftover parameter for the Pipe s must be Void . This ensures that there is no accidental data loss of leftovers during fusion. If you have a Pipe with leftovers, you must first call injectLeftovers .

Since 0.5.0

Same as >+> , but reverse the order of the arguments.

Since 0.5.0

See catchC for more details.

Since 1.0.11

The same as flip catchP .

Since 1.0.11

See tryC for more details.

Since 1.0.11

Transform the monad that a Pipe lives in.

Note that the monad transforming function will be run multiple times, resulting in unintuitive behavior in some cases. For a fuller treatment, please see:

https://github.com/snoyberg/conduit/wiki/Dealing-with-monad-transformers

This function is just a synonym for hoist .

Since 0.4.0

Apply a function to all the output values of a Pipe .

This mimics the behavior of fmap for a Source and Conduit in pre-0.4 days.

Since 0.4.1

Same as mapOutput , but use a function that returns Maybe values.

Since 0.5.0

Apply a function to all the input values of a Pipe .

Since 0.5.0

Convert a list into a source.

Since 0.3.0

Returns a tuple of the upstream and downstream results. Note that this will force consumption of the entire input stream.

Since 0.5.0

Generalize the upstream return value for a Pipe from unit to any type.

Since 1.1.5

Provides an alternative Applicative instance for ConduitT . In this instance, every incoming value is provided to all ConduitT s, and output is coalesced together. Leftovers from individual ConduitT s will be used within that component, and then discarded at the end of their computation. Output and finalizers will both be handled in a left-biased manner.

As an example, take the following program:

main :: IO ()
main = do
    let src = mapM_ yield [1..3 :: Int]
        conduit1 = CL.map (+1)
        conduit2 = CL.concatMap (replicate 2)
        conduit = getZipConduit $ ZipConduit conduit1 <* ZipConduit conduit2
        sink = CL.mapM_ print
    src $$ conduit =$ sink

It will produce the output: 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2, 4, 3, 3

Since 1.0.17

A wrapper for defining an Applicative instance for Sink s which allows to combine sinks together, generalizing zipSinks . A combined sink distributes the input to all its participants and when all finish, produces the result. This allows to define functions like

sequenceSinks :: (Monad m)
          => [ConduitT i Void m r] -> ConduitT i Void m [r]
sequenceSinks = getZipSink . sequenceA . fmap ZipSink

Note that the standard Applicative instance for conduits works differently. It feeds one sink with input until it finishes, then switches to another, etc., and at the end combines their results.

This newtype is in fact a type constrained version of ZipConduit , and has the same behavior. It's presented as a separate type since (1) it historically predates ZipConduit , and (2) the type constraining can make your code clearer (and thereby make your error messages more easily understood).

Since 1.0.13

A wrapper for defining an Applicative instance for Source s which allows to combine sources together, generalizing zipSources . A combined source will take input yielded from each of its Source s until any of them stop producing output.

Since 1.0.13

Provide for a stream of data that can be flushed.

A number of Conduit s (e.g., zlib compression) need the ability to flush the stream at some point. This provides a single wrapper datatype to be used in all such circumstances.

Since 0.3.0

Consumes a stream of input values and produces a stream of output values, without producing a final result.

Since 0.5.0

A component which consumes a stream of input values and produces a final result, regardless of the output stream. A Consumer is a generalization of a Sink , and can be used as either a Sink or a Conduit .

Since 1.0.0

Consumes a stream of input values and produces a final result, without producing any output.

type Sink i m r = ConduitT i Void m r

Since 0.5.0

A component which produces a stream of output values, regardless of the input stream. A Producer is a generalization of a Source , and can be used as either a Source or a Conduit .

Since 1.0.0

Provides a stream of output values, without consuming any input or producing a final result.

Since 0.5.0

Same as ConduitT , for backwards compat

In order to provide for efficient monadic composition, the ConduitT type is implemented internally using a technique known as the codensity transform. This allows for cheap appending, but makes one case much more expensive: partially running a ConduitT and that capturing the new state.

This data type is the same as ConduitT , but does not use the codensity transform technique.

Since: 1.3.0

Core datatype of the conduit package. This type represents a general component which can consume a stream of input values i , produce a stream of output values o , perform actions in the m monad, and produce a final result r . The type synonyms provided here are simply wrappers around this type.

Since 1.3.0

Connect a Source to a Sink until the latter closes. Returns both the most recent state of the Source and the result of the Sink .

Since 0.5.0

Generalize a Source to a Producer .

Since 1.0.0

Generalize a Sink to a Consumer .

Since 1.0.0

Catch all exceptions thrown by the current component of the pipeline.

Note: this will not catch exceptions thrown by other components! For example, if an exception is thrown in a Source feeding to a Sink , and the Sink uses catchC , the exception will not be caught.

Due to this behavior (as well as lack of async exception safety), you should not try to implement combinators such as onException in terms of this primitive function.

Note also that the exception handling will not be applied to any finalizers generated by this conduit.

Since 1.0.11

The same as flip catchC .

Since 1.0.11

A version of try for use within a pipeline. See the comments in catchC for more details.

Since 1.0.11

Combines two sinks. The new sink will complete when both input sinks have completed.

Any leftovers are discarded.

Since 0.4.1

Combines two sources. The new source will stop producing once either source has been exhausted.

Since 1.0.13

Combines two sources. The new source will stop producing once either source has been exhausted.

Since 1.0.13

Since 1.0.17

Same as normal fusion (e.g. =$= ), except instead of discarding leftovers from the downstream component, return them.

Since 1.0.17

Similar to fuseReturnLeftovers , but use the provided function to convert downstream leftovers to upstream leftovers.

Since 1.0.17

Connect a Conduit to a sink and return the output of the sink together with a new Conduit .

Since 1.0.17

Merge a Source into a Conduit . The new conduit will stop processing once either source or upstream have been exhausted.

Turn a Sink into a Conduit in the following way:

• All input passed to the Sink is yielded downstream.
• When the Sink finishes processing, the result is passed to the provided to the finalizer function.

Note that the Sink will stop receiving input as soon as the downstream it is connected to shuts down.

An example usage would be to write the result of a Sink to some mutable variable while allowing other processing to continue.

Since 1.1.0

Convert a Source into a list. The basic functionality can be explained as:

sourceToList src = src $$ Data.Conduit.List.consume

However, sourceToList is able to produce its results lazily, which cannot be done when running a conduit pipeline in general. Unlike the Data.Conduit.Lazy module (in conduit-extra), this function performs no unsafe I/O operations, and therefore can only be as lazy as the underlying monad.

Since 1.2.6

Equivalent to using runConduit and .| together.

Since 1.2.3

Named function synonym for .|

Equivalent to .| and =$= . However, the latter is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.

Since 1.2.3

Combine two Conduit s together into a new Conduit (aka fuse ).

Output from the upstream (left) conduit will be fed into the downstream (right) conduit. Processing will terminate when downstream (right) returns. Leftover data returned from the right Conduit will be discarded.

Equivalent to fuse and =$= , however the latter is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.

Note that, while this operator looks like categorical composition (from Control.Category ), there are a few reasons it's different:

• The position of the type parameters to ConduitT do not match. We would need to change ConduitT i o m r to ConduitT r m i o , which would preclude a Monad or MonadTrans instance.
• The result value from upstream and downstream are allowed to differ between upstream and downstream. In other words, we would need the type signature here to look like ConduitT a b m r -> ConduitT b c m r -> ConduitT a c m r .
• Due to leftovers, we do not have a left identity in Conduit. This can be achieved with the underlying Pipe datatype, but this is not generally recommended. See https://stackoverflow.com/a/15263700 .

Since: 1.2.8

The connect operator, which pulls data from a source and pushes to a sink. If you would like to keep the Source open to be used for other operations, use the connect-and-resume operator $$+ .

Since 0.4.0

A synonym for =$= for backwards compatibility.

Since 0.4.0

A synonym for =$= for backwards compatibility.

Since 0.4.0

Deprecated fusion operator.

Since 0.4.0

Run a pipeline until processing completes.

Since 1.2.1

The connect-and-resume operator. This does not close the Source , but instead returns it to be used again. This allows a Source to be used incrementally in a large program, without forcing the entire program to live in the Sink monad.

Mnemonic: connect + do more.

Since 0.5.0

Continue processing after usage of $$+ .

Since 0.5.0

Same as $$++ and connectResume , but doesn't include the updated SealedConduitT .

NOTE In previous versions, this would cause finalizers to run. Since version 1.3.0, there are no finalizers in conduit.

Since 0.5.0

Left fusion for a sealed source.

Since 1.0.16

Coalesce all values yielded by all of the Source s.

Implemented on top of ZipSource and as such, it exhibits the same short-circuiting behavior as ZipSource . See that data type for more details. If you want to create a source that yields *all* values from multiple sources, use sequence_ .

Since 1.0.13

Send incoming values to all of the Sink providing, and ultimately coalesce together all return values.

Implemented on top of ZipSink , see that data type for more details.

Since 1.0.13

The connect-and-resume operator. This does not close the Conduit , but instead returns it to be used again. This allows a Conduit to be used incrementally in a large program, without forcing the entire program to live in the Sink monad.

Leftover data returned from the Sink will be discarded.

Mnemonic: connect + do more.

Since 1.0.17

Continue processing after usage of =$$+ . Connect a SealedConduitT to a sink and return the output of the sink together with a new SealedConduitT .

Since 1.0.17

Same as =$$++ , but doesn't include the updated SealedConduitT .

NOTE In previous versions, this would cause finalizers to run. Since version 1.3.0, there are no finalizers in conduit.

Since 1.0.17

Provide identical input to all of the Conduit s and combine their outputs into a single stream.

Implemented on top of ZipConduit , see that data type for more details.

Since 1.0.17

Fuse two ConduitT s together, and provide the return value of both. Note that this will force the entire upstream ConduitT to be run to produce the result value, even if the downstream terminates early.

Since 1.1.5

Like fuseBoth , but does not force consumption of the Producer . In the case that the Producer terminates, the result value is provided as a Just value. If it does not terminate, then a Nothing value is returned.

One thing to note here is that "termination" here only occurs if the Producer actually yields a Nothing value. For example, with the Producer mapM_ yield [1..5] , if five values are requested, the Producer has not yet terminated. Termination only occurs when the sixth value is awaited for and the Producer signals termination.

Since 1.2.4

Same as fuseBoth , but ignore the return value from the downstream Conduit . Same caveats of forced consumption apply.

Since 1.1.5

Run a pure pipeline until processing completes, i.e. a pipeline with Identity as the base monad. This is equivalient to runIdentity . runConduit .

Since: 1.2.8

Run a pipeline which acquires resources with ResourceT , and then run the ResourceT transformer. This is equivalent to runResourceT . runConduit .

Since: 1.2.8