Copyright	(c) The University of Glasgow 2001
License	BSD-style (see the file LICENSE in the 'random' repository)
Maintainer	libraries@haskell.org
Stability	stable
Safe Haskell	Trustworthy
Language	Haskell2010

System.Random.Stateful

Contents

Pure Random Generator
Monadic Random Generator
Usage
Mutable pseudo-random number generator interfaces
Monadic adapters for pure pseudo-random number generators
Pseudo-random values of various types
Generators for sequences of pseudo-random bytes
Appendix
- How to implement StatefulGen
- Floating point number caveats
References

Description

This library deals with the common task of pseudo-random number generation.

Synopsis

module System.Random
class Monad m => StatefulGen g m where
- uniformWord32R :: Word32 -> g -> m Word32
- uniformWord64R :: Word64 -> g -> m Word64
- uniformWord8 :: g -> m Word8
- uniformWord16 :: g -> m Word16
- uniformWord32 :: g -> m Word32
- uniformWord64 :: g -> m Word64
- uniformShortByteString :: Int -> g -> m ShortByteString
class StatefulGen ( MutableGen f m) m => FrozenGen f m where
- type MutableGen f m = (g :: Type ) | g -> f
- freezeGen :: MutableGen f m -> m f
- thawGen :: f -> m ( MutableGen f m)
class ( RandomGen r, StatefulGen g m) => RandomGenM g r m | g -> r where
- applyRandomGenM :: (r -> (a, r)) -> g -> m a
withMutableGen :: FrozenGen f m => f -> ( MutableGen f m -> m a) -> m (a, f)
withMutableGen_ :: FrozenGen f m => f -> ( MutableGen f m -> m a) -> m a
randomM :: ( RandomGenM g r m, Random a) => g -> m a
randomRM :: ( RandomGenM g r m, Random a) => (a, a) -> g -> m a
splitGenM :: RandomGenM g r m => g -> m r
newtype StateGen g = StateGen {
- unStateGen :: g
}
data StateGenM g = StateGenM
runStateGen :: RandomGen g => g -> ( StateGenM g -> State g a) -> (a, g)
runStateGen_ :: RandomGen g => g -> ( StateGenM g -> State g a) -> a
runStateGenT :: RandomGen g => g -> ( StateGenM g -> StateT g m a) -> m (a, g)
runStateGenT_ :: ( RandomGen g, Functor f) => g -> ( StateGenM g -> StateT g f a) -> f a
runStateGenST :: RandomGen g => g -> ( forall s. StateGenM g -> StateT g ( ST s) a) -> (a, g)
runStateGenST_ :: RandomGen g => g -> ( forall s. StateGenM g -> StateT g ( ST s) a) -> a
newtype AtomicGen g = AtomicGen {
- unAtomicGen :: g
}
newtype AtomicGenM g = AtomicGenM {
- unAtomicGenM :: IORef g
}
newAtomicGenM :: MonadIO m => g -> m ( AtomicGenM g)
applyAtomicGen :: MonadIO m => (g -> (a, g)) -> AtomicGenM g -> m a
globalStdGen :: AtomicGenM StdGen
newtype IOGen g = IOGen {
- unIOGen :: g
}
newtype IOGenM g = IOGenM {
- unIOGenM :: IORef g
}
newIOGenM :: MonadIO m => g -> m ( IOGenM g)
applyIOGen :: MonadIO m => (g -> (a, g)) -> IOGenM g -> m a
newtype STGen g = STGen {
- unSTGen :: g
}
newtype STGenM g s = STGenM {
- unSTGenM :: STRef s g
}
newSTGenM :: g -> ST s ( STGenM g s)
applySTGen :: (g -> (a, g)) -> STGenM g s -> ST s a
runSTGen :: RandomGen g => g -> ( forall s. STGenM g s -> ST s a) -> (a, g)
runSTGen_ :: RandomGen g => g -> ( forall s. STGenM g s -> ST s a) -> a
newtype TGen g = TGen {
- unTGen :: g
}
newtype TGenM g = TGenM {
- unTGenM :: TVar g
}
newTGenM :: g -> STM ( TGenM g)
newTGenMIO :: MonadIO m => g -> m ( TGenM g)
applyTGen :: (g -> (a, g)) -> TGenM g -> STM a
class Uniform a where
- uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m a
uniformListM :: ( StatefulGen g m, Uniform a) => Int -> g -> m [a]
uniformViaFiniteM :: ( StatefulGen g m, Generic a, GFinite ( Rep a)) => g -> m a
class UniformRange a where
- uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => (a, a) -> g -> m a
genShortByteStringIO :: MonadIO m => Int -> m Word64 -> m ShortByteString
genShortByteStringST :: Int -> ST s Word64 -> ST s ShortByteString
uniformByteStringM :: StatefulGen g m => Int -> g -> m ByteString
uniformDouble01M :: forall g m. StatefulGen g m => g -> m Double
uniformDoublePositive01M :: forall g m. StatefulGen g m => g -> m Double
uniformFloat01M :: forall g m. StatefulGen g m => g -> m Float
uniformFloatPositive01M :: forall g m. StatefulGen g m => g -> m Float
uniformEnumM :: forall a g m. ( Enum a, Bounded a, StatefulGen g m) => g -> m a
uniformEnumRM :: forall a g m. ( Enum a, StatefulGen g m) => (a, a) -> g -> m a

Pure Random Generator

module System.Random

Monadic Random Generator

This module provides type classes and instances for the following concepts:

Monadic pseudo-random number generators: StatefulGen is an interface to monadic pseudo-random number generators.
Monadic adapters: StateGenM , AtomicGenM , IOGenM , STGenM and TGenM turn a RandomGen instance into a StatefulGen instance.
Drawing from a range: UniformRange is used to generate a value of a type uniformly within a range.
This library provides instances of UniformRange for many common numeric types.
Drawing from the entire domain of a type: Uniform is used to generate a value of a type uniformly over all possible values of that type.
This library provides instances of Uniform for many common bounded numeric types.

Usage

In monadic code, use the relevant Uniform and UniformRange instances to generate pseudo-random values via uniformM and uniformRM , respectively.

As an example, rollsM generates n pseudo-random values of Word in the range [1, 6] in a StatefulGen context; given a monadic pseudo-random number generator, you can run this probabilistic computation as follows:

>>> :{
let rollsM :: StatefulGen g m => Int -> g -> m [Word]
    rollsM n = replicateM n . uniformRM (1, 6)
in do
    monadicGen <- MWC.create
    rollsM 10 monadicGen :: IO [Word]
:}
[3,4,3,1,4,6,1,6,1,4]

Given a pure pseudo-random number generator, you can run the monadic pseudo-random number computation rollsM in an IO or ST context by applying a monadic adapter like AtomicGenM , IOGenM or STGenM (see monadic-adapters ) to the pure pseudo-random number generator.

>>> :{
let rollsM :: StatefulGen g m => Int -> g -> m [Word]
    rollsM n = replicateM n . uniformRM (1, 6)
    pureGen = mkStdGen 42
in
    newIOGenM pureGen >>= rollsM 10 :: IO [Word]
:}
[1,1,3,2,4,5,3,4,6,2]

Mutable pseudo-random number generator interfaces

Pseudo-random number generators come in two flavours: pure and monadic .

RandomGen : pure pseudo-random number generators: See System.Random module.
StatefulGen : monadic pseudo-random number generators: These generators mutate their own state as they produce pseudo-random values. They generally live in ST or IO or some transformer that implements PrimMonad .

class Monad m => StatefulGen g m where Source #

StatefulGen is an interface to monadic pseudo-random number generators.

Since: 1.2.0

Minimal complete definition

( uniformWord32 | uniformWord64 )

Methods

uniformWord32R :: Word32 -> g -> m Word32 Source #

uniformWord32R upperBound g generates a Word32 that is uniformly distributed over the range [0, upperBound] .

Since: 1.2.0

uniformWord64R :: Word64 -> g -> m Word64 Source #

uniformWord64R upperBound g generates a Word64 that is uniformly distributed over the range [0, upperBound] .

Since: 1.2.0

uniformWord8 :: g -> m Word8 Source #

Generates a Word8 that is uniformly distributed over the entire Word8 range.

The default implementation extracts a Word8 from uniformWord32 .

Since: 1.2.0

uniformWord16 :: g -> m Word16 Source #

Generates a Word16 that is uniformly distributed over the entire Word16 range.

The default implementation extracts a Word16 from uniformWord32 .

Since: 1.2.0

uniformWord32 :: g -> m Word32 Source #

Generates a Word32 that is uniformly distributed over the entire Word32 range.

The default implementation extracts a Word32 from uniformWord64 .

Since: 1.2.0

uniformWord64 :: g -> m Word64 Source #

Generates a Word64 that is uniformly distributed over the entire Word64 range.

The default implementation combines two Word32 from uniformWord32 into one Word64 .

Since: 1.2.0

uniformShortByteString :: Int -> g -> m ShortByteString Source #

uniformShortByteString n g generates a ShortByteString of length n filled with pseudo-random bytes.

Since: 1.2.0

default uniformShortByteString :: MonadIO m => Int -> g -> m ShortByteString Source #

Instances

Instances details

( RandomGen g, MonadState g m) => StatefulGen ( StateGenM g) m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformWord32R :: Word32 -> StateGenM g -> m Word32 Source # uniformWord64R :: Word64 -> StateGenM g -> m Word64 Source # uniformWord8 :: StateGenM g -> m Word8 Source # uniformWord16 :: StateGenM g -> m Word16 Source # uniformWord32 :: StateGenM g -> m Word32 Source # uniformWord64 :: StateGenM g -> m Word64 Source # uniformShortByteString :: Int -> StateGenM g -> m ShortByteString Source #
RandomGen g => StatefulGen ( TGenM g) STM Source #	Since: 1.2.1
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods uniformWord32R :: Word32 -> TGenM g -> STM Word32 Source # uniformWord64R :: Word64 -> TGenM g -> STM Word64 Source # uniformWord8 :: TGenM g -> STM Word8 Source # uniformWord16 :: TGenM g -> STM Word16 Source # uniformWord32 :: TGenM g -> STM Word32 Source # uniformWord64 :: TGenM g -> STM Word64 Source # uniformShortByteString :: Int -> TGenM g -> STM ShortByteString Source #
( RandomGen g, MonadIO m) => StatefulGen ( IOGenM g) m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods uniformWord32R :: Word32 -> IOGenM g -> m Word32 Source # uniformWord64R :: Word64 -> IOGenM g -> m Word64 Source # uniformWord8 :: IOGenM g -> m Word8 Source # uniformWord16 :: IOGenM g -> m Word16 Source # uniformWord32 :: IOGenM g -> m Word32 Source # uniformWord64 :: IOGenM g -> m Word64 Source # uniformShortByteString :: Int -> IOGenM g -> m ShortByteString Source #
( RandomGen g, MonadIO m) => StatefulGen ( AtomicGenM g) m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods uniformWord32R :: Word32 -> AtomicGenM g -> m Word32 Source # uniformWord64R :: Word64 -> AtomicGenM g -> m Word64 Source # uniformWord8 :: AtomicGenM g -> m Word8 Source # uniformWord16 :: AtomicGenM g -> m Word16 Source # uniformWord32 :: AtomicGenM g -> m Word32 Source # uniformWord64 :: AtomicGenM g -> m Word64 Source # uniformShortByteString :: Int -> AtomicGenM g -> m ShortByteString Source #
RandomGen g => StatefulGen ( STGenM g s) ( ST s) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods uniformWord32R :: Word32 -> STGenM g s -> ST s Word32 Source # uniformWord64R :: Word64 -> STGenM g s -> ST s Word64 Source # uniformWord8 :: STGenM g s -> ST s Word8 Source # uniformWord16 :: STGenM g s -> ST s Word16 Source # uniformWord32 :: STGenM g s -> ST s Word32 Source # uniformWord64 :: STGenM g s -> ST s Word64 Source # uniformShortByteString :: Int -> STGenM g s -> ST s ShortByteString Source #

class StatefulGen ( MutableGen f m) m => FrozenGen f m where Source #

This class is designed for stateful pseudo-random number generators that can be saved as and restored from an immutable data type.

Since: 1.2.0

Associated Types

type MutableGen f m = (g :: Type ) | g -> f Source #

Represents the state of the pseudo-random number generator for use with thawGen and freezeGen .

Since: 1.2.0

Methods

freezeGen :: MutableGen f m -> m f Source #

Saves the state of the pseudo-random number generator as a frozen seed.

Since: 1.2.0

thawGen :: f -> m ( MutableGen f m) Source #

Restores the pseudo-random number generator from its frozen seed.

Since: 1.2.0

Instances

Instances details

( RandomGen g, MonadState g m) => FrozenGen ( StateGen g) m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Associated Types type MutableGen ( StateGen g) m = (g :: Type ) Source # Methods freezeGen :: MutableGen ( StateGen g) m -> m ( StateGen g) Source # thawGen :: StateGen g -> m ( MutableGen ( StateGen g) m) Source #
RandomGen g => FrozenGen ( TGen g) STM Source #	Since: 1.2.1
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Associated Types type MutableGen ( TGen g) STM = (g :: Type ) Source # Methods freezeGen :: MutableGen ( TGen g) STM -> STM ( TGen g) Source # thawGen :: TGen g -> STM ( MutableGen ( TGen g) STM ) Source #
( RandomGen g, MonadIO m) => FrozenGen ( IOGen g) m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Associated Types type MutableGen ( IOGen g) m = (g :: Type ) Source # Methods freezeGen :: MutableGen ( IOGen g) m -> m ( IOGen g) Source # thawGen :: IOGen g -> m ( MutableGen ( IOGen g) m) Source #
( RandomGen g, MonadIO m) => FrozenGen ( AtomicGen g) m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Associated Types type MutableGen ( AtomicGen g) m = (g :: Type ) Source # Methods freezeGen :: MutableGen ( AtomicGen g) m -> m ( AtomicGen g) Source # thawGen :: AtomicGen g -> m ( MutableGen ( AtomicGen g) m) Source #
RandomGen g => FrozenGen ( STGen g) ( ST s) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Associated Types type MutableGen ( STGen g) ( ST s) = (g :: Type ) Source # Methods freezeGen :: MutableGen ( STGen g) ( ST s) -> ST s ( STGen g) Source # thawGen :: STGen g -> ST s ( MutableGen ( STGen g) ( ST s)) Source #

class ( RandomGen r, StatefulGen g m) => RandomGenM g r m | g -> r where Source #

Interface to operations on RandomGen wrappers like IOGenM and StateGenM .

Since: 1.2.0

Methods

applyRandomGenM :: (r -> (a, r)) -> g -> m a Source #

Instances

Instances details

( RandomGen r, MonadState r m) => RandomGenM ( StateGenM r) r m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods applyRandomGenM :: (r -> (a, r)) -> StateGenM r -> m a Source #
RandomGen r => RandomGenM ( TGenM r) r STM Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods applyRandomGenM :: (r -> (a, r)) -> TGenM r -> STM a Source #
( RandomGen r, MonadIO m) => RandomGenM ( IOGenM r) r m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods applyRandomGenM :: (r -> (a, r)) -> IOGenM r -> m a Source #
( RandomGen r, MonadIO m) => RandomGenM ( AtomicGenM r) r m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods applyRandomGenM :: (r -> (a, r)) -> AtomicGenM r -> m a Source #
RandomGen r => RandomGenM ( STGenM r s) r ( ST s) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods applyRandomGenM :: (r -> (a, r)) -> STGenM r s -> ST s a Source #

withMutableGen :: FrozenGen f m => f -> ( MutableGen f m -> m a) -> m (a, f) Source #

Runs a mutable pseudo-random number generator from its FrozenGen state.

Examples

Expand

>>> import Data.Int (Int8)
>>> withMutableGen (IOGen (mkStdGen 217)) (uniformListM 5) :: IO ([Int8], IOGen StdGen)
([-74,37,-50,-2,3],IOGen {unIOGen = StdGen {unStdGen = SMGen 4273268533320920145 15251669095119325999}})

Since: 1.2.0

withMutableGen_ :: FrozenGen f m => f -> ( MutableGen f m -> m a) -> m a Source #

Same as withMutableGen , but only returns the generated value.

Examples

Expand

>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> let pureGen = mkStdGen 137
>>> withMutableGen_ (IOGen pureGen) (uniformRM (1 :: Int, 6 :: Int))
4

Since: 1.2.0

randomM :: ( RandomGenM g r m, Random a) => g -> m a Source #

Generates a pseudo-random value using monadic interface and Random instance.

Examples

Expand

>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> let pureGen = mkStdGen 137
>>> g <- newIOGenM pureGen
>>> randomM g :: IO Double
0.5728354935654512

Since: 1.2.0

randomRM :: ( RandomGenM g r m, Random a) => (a, a) -> g -> m a Source #

Generates a pseudo-random value using monadic interface and Random instance.

Examples

Expand

>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> let pureGen = mkStdGen 137
>>> g <- newIOGenM pureGen
>>> randomRM (1, 100) g :: IO Int
52

Since: 1.2.0

splitGenM :: RandomGenM g r m => g -> m r Source #

Splits a pseudo-random number generator into two. Overwrites the mutable wrapper with one of the resulting generators and returns the other.

Since: 1.2.0

Monadic adapters for pure pseudo-random number generators

Pure pseudo-random number generators can be used in monadic code via the adapters StateGenM , AtomicGenM , IOGenM , STGenM and TGenM

StateGenM can be used in any state monad. With strict StateT there is no performance overhead compared to using the RandomGen instance directly. StateGenM is not safe to use in the presence of exceptions and concurrency.
AtomicGenM is safe in the presence of exceptions and concurrency since it performs all actions atomically.
IOGenM is a wrapper around an IORef that holds a pure generator. IOGenM is safe in the presence of exceptions, but not concurrency.
STGenM is a wrapper around an STRef that holds a pure generator. STGenM is safe in the presence of exceptions, but not concurrency.
TGenM is a wrapper around a TVar that holds a pure generator. TGenM can be used in a software transactional memory monad STM . It is not as performant as AtomicGenM , but it can provide stronger guarantees in a concurrent setting.

Pure adapter

newtype StateGen g Source #

Wrapper for pure state gen, which acts as an immutable seed for the corresponding stateful generator StateGenM

Since: 1.2.0

Constructors

StateGen
Fields unStateGen :: g

Instances

Instances details

Eq g => Eq ( StateGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods (==) :: StateGen g -> StateGen g -> Bool Source # (/=) :: StateGen g -> StateGen g -> Bool Source #
Ord g => Ord ( StateGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods compare :: StateGen g -> StateGen g -> Ordering Source # (<) :: StateGen g -> StateGen g -> Bool Source # (<=) :: StateGen g -> StateGen g -> Bool Source # (>) :: StateGen g -> StateGen g -> Bool Source # (>=) :: StateGen g -> StateGen g -> Bool Source # max :: StateGen g -> StateGen g -> StateGen g Source # min :: StateGen g -> StateGen g -> StateGen g Source #
Show g => Show ( StateGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods showsPrec :: Int -> StateGen g -> ShowS Source # show :: StateGen g -> String Source # showList :: [ StateGen g] -> ShowS Source #
Storable g => Storable ( StateGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods sizeOf :: StateGen g -> Int Source # alignment :: StateGen g -> Int Source # peekElemOff :: Ptr ( StateGen g) -> Int -> IO ( StateGen g) Source # pokeElemOff :: Ptr ( StateGen g) -> Int -> StateGen g -> IO () Source # peekByteOff :: Ptr b -> Int -> IO ( StateGen g) Source # pokeByteOff :: Ptr b -> Int -> StateGen g -> IO () Source # peek :: Ptr ( StateGen g) -> IO ( StateGen g) Source # poke :: Ptr ( StateGen g) -> StateGen g -> IO () Source #
NFData g => NFData ( StateGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods rnf :: StateGen g -> () Source #
RandomGen g => RandomGen ( StateGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods next :: StateGen g -> ( Int , StateGen g) Source # genWord8 :: StateGen g -> ( Word8 , StateGen g) Source # genWord16 :: StateGen g -> ( Word16 , StateGen g) Source # genWord32 :: StateGen g -> ( Word32 , StateGen g) Source # genWord64 :: StateGen g -> ( Word64 , StateGen g) Source # genWord32R :: Word32 -> StateGen g -> ( Word32 , StateGen g) Source # genWord64R :: Word64 -> StateGen g -> ( Word64 , StateGen g) Source # genShortByteString :: Int -> StateGen g -> ( ShortByteString , StateGen g) Source # genRange :: StateGen g -> ( Int , Int ) Source # split :: StateGen g -> ( StateGen g, StateGen g) Source #
( RandomGen g, MonadState g m) => FrozenGen ( StateGen g) m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Associated Types type MutableGen ( StateGen g) m = (g :: Type ) Source # Methods freezeGen :: MutableGen ( StateGen g) m -> m ( StateGen g) Source # thawGen :: StateGen g -> m ( MutableGen ( StateGen g) m) Source #
type MutableGen ( StateGen g) m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal type MutableGen ( StateGen g) m = StateGenM g

data StateGenM g Source #

Opaque data type that carries the type of a pure pseudo-random number generator.

Since: 1.2.0

Constructors

StateGenM

Instances

Instances details

( RandomGen g, MonadState g m) => StatefulGen ( StateGenM g) m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformWord32R :: Word32 -> StateGenM g -> m Word32 Source # uniformWord64R :: Word64 -> StateGenM g -> m Word64 Source # uniformWord8 :: StateGenM g -> m Word8 Source # uniformWord16 :: StateGenM g -> m Word16 Source # uniformWord32 :: StateGenM g -> m Word32 Source # uniformWord64 :: StateGenM g -> m Word64 Source # uniformShortByteString :: Int -> StateGenM g -> m ShortByteString Source #
( RandomGen r, MonadState r m) => RandomGenM ( StateGenM r) r m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods applyRandomGenM :: (r -> (a, r)) -> StateGenM r -> m a Source #

runStateGen :: RandomGen g => g -> ( StateGenM g -> State g a) -> (a, g) Source #

Runs a monadic generating action in the State monad using a pure pseudo-random number generator.

Examples

Expand

>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> let pureGen = mkStdGen 137
>>> runStateGen pureGen randomM :: (Int, StdGen)
(7879794327570578227,StdGen {unStdGen = SMGen 11285859549637045894 7641485672361121627})

Since: 1.2.0

runStateGen_ :: RandomGen g => g -> ( StateGenM g -> State g a) -> a Source #

Runs a monadic generating action in the State monad using a pure pseudo-random number generator. Returns only the resulting pseudo-random value.

Examples

Expand

>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> let pureGen = mkStdGen 137
>>> runStateGen_ pureGen randomM :: Int
7879794327570578227

Since: 1.2.0

runStateGenT :: RandomGen g => g -> ( StateGenM g -> StateT g m a) -> m (a, g) Source #

Runs a monadic generating action in the StateT monad using a pure pseudo-random number generator.

Examples

Expand

>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> let pureGen = mkStdGen 137
>>> runStateGenT pureGen randomM :: IO (Int, StdGen)
(7879794327570578227,StdGen {unStdGen = SMGen 11285859549637045894 7641485672361121627})

Since: 1.2.0

runStateGenT_ :: ( RandomGen g, Functor f) => g -> ( StateGenM g -> StateT g f a) -> f a Source #

Runs a monadic generating action in the StateT monad using a pure pseudo-random number generator. Returns only the resulting pseudo-random value.

Examples

Expand

>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> let pureGen = mkStdGen 137
>>> runStateGenT_ pureGen randomM :: IO Int
7879794327570578227

Since: 1.2.1

runStateGenST :: RandomGen g => g -> ( forall s. StateGenM g -> StateT g ( ST s) a) -> (a, g) Source #

Runs a monadic generating action in the ST monad using a pure pseudo-random number generator.

Since: 1.2.0

runStateGenST_ :: RandomGen g => g -> ( forall s. StateGenM g -> StateT g ( ST s) a) -> a Source #

Runs a monadic generating action in the ST monad using a pure pseudo-random number generator. Same as runStateGenST , but discards the resulting generator.

Since: 1.2.1

Mutable adapter with atomic operations

newtype AtomicGen g Source #

Frozen version of mutable AtomicGenM generator

Since: 1.2.0

Constructors

AtomicGen
Fields unAtomicGen :: g

Instances

Instances details

Eq g => Eq ( AtomicGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods (==) :: AtomicGen g -> AtomicGen g -> Bool Source # (/=) :: AtomicGen g -> AtomicGen g -> Bool Source #
Ord g => Ord ( AtomicGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods compare :: AtomicGen g -> AtomicGen g -> Ordering Source # (<) :: AtomicGen g -> AtomicGen g -> Bool Source # (<=) :: AtomicGen g -> AtomicGen g -> Bool Source # (>) :: AtomicGen g -> AtomicGen g -> Bool Source # (>=) :: AtomicGen g -> AtomicGen g -> Bool Source # max :: AtomicGen g -> AtomicGen g -> AtomicGen g Source # min :: AtomicGen g -> AtomicGen g -> AtomicGen g Source #
Show g => Show ( AtomicGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods showsPrec :: Int -> AtomicGen g -> ShowS Source # show :: AtomicGen g -> String Source # showList :: [ AtomicGen g] -> ShowS Source #
Storable g => Storable ( AtomicGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods sizeOf :: AtomicGen g -> Int Source # alignment :: AtomicGen g -> Int Source # peekElemOff :: Ptr ( AtomicGen g) -> Int -> IO ( AtomicGen g) Source # pokeElemOff :: Ptr ( AtomicGen g) -> Int -> AtomicGen g -> IO () Source # peekByteOff :: Ptr b -> Int -> IO ( AtomicGen g) Source # pokeByteOff :: Ptr b -> Int -> AtomicGen g -> IO () Source # peek :: Ptr ( AtomicGen g) -> IO ( AtomicGen g) Source # poke :: Ptr ( AtomicGen g) -> AtomicGen g -> IO () Source #
NFData g => NFData ( AtomicGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods rnf :: AtomicGen g -> () Source #
RandomGen g => RandomGen ( AtomicGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods next :: AtomicGen g -> ( Int , AtomicGen g) Source # genWord8 :: AtomicGen g -> ( Word8 , AtomicGen g) Source # genWord16 :: AtomicGen g -> ( Word16 , AtomicGen g) Source # genWord32 :: AtomicGen g -> ( Word32 , AtomicGen g) Source # genWord64 :: AtomicGen g -> ( Word64 , AtomicGen g) Source # genWord32R :: Word32 -> AtomicGen g -> ( Word32 , AtomicGen g) Source # genWord64R :: Word64 -> AtomicGen g -> ( Word64 , AtomicGen g) Source # genShortByteString :: Int -> AtomicGen g -> ( ShortByteString , AtomicGen g) Source # genRange :: AtomicGen g -> ( Int , Int ) Source # split :: AtomicGen g -> ( AtomicGen g, AtomicGen g) Source #
( RandomGen g, MonadIO m) => FrozenGen ( AtomicGen g) m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Associated Types type MutableGen ( AtomicGen g) m = (g :: Type ) Source # Methods freezeGen :: MutableGen ( AtomicGen g) m -> m ( AtomicGen g) Source # thawGen :: AtomicGen g -> m ( MutableGen ( AtomicGen g) m) Source #
type MutableGen ( AtomicGen g) m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful type MutableGen ( AtomicGen g) m = AtomicGenM g

newtype AtomicGenM g Source #

Wraps an IORef that holds a pure pseudo-random number generator. All operations are performed atomically.

AtomicGenM is safe in the presence of exceptions and concurrency.
AtomicGenM is the slowest of the monadic adapters due to the overhead of its atomic operations.

Since: 1.2.0

Constructors

AtomicGenM
Fields unAtomicGenM :: IORef g

Instances

Instances details

( RandomGen g, MonadIO m) => StatefulGen ( AtomicGenM g) m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods uniformWord32R :: Word32 -> AtomicGenM g -> m Word32 Source # uniformWord64R :: Word64 -> AtomicGenM g -> m Word64 Source # uniformWord8 :: AtomicGenM g -> m Word8 Source # uniformWord16 :: AtomicGenM g -> m Word16 Source # uniformWord32 :: AtomicGenM g -> m Word32 Source # uniformWord64 :: AtomicGenM g -> m Word64 Source # uniformShortByteString :: Int -> AtomicGenM g -> m ShortByteString Source #
( RandomGen r, MonadIO m) => RandomGenM ( AtomicGenM r) r m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods applyRandomGenM :: (r -> (a, r)) -> AtomicGenM r -> m a Source #

newAtomicGenM :: MonadIO m => g -> m ( AtomicGenM g) Source #

Creates a new AtomicGenM .

Since: 1.2.0

applyAtomicGen :: MonadIO m => (g -> (a, g)) -> AtomicGenM g -> m a Source #

Atomically applies a pure operation to the wrapped pseudo-random number generator.

Examples

Expand

>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> let pureGen = mkStdGen 137
>>> g <- newAtomicGenM pureGen
>>> applyAtomicGen random g :: IO Int
7879794327570578227

Since: 1.2.0

globalStdGen :: AtomicGenM StdGen Source #

Global mutable standard pseudo-random number generator. This is the same generator that was historically used by randomIO and randomRIO functions.

>>> replicateM 10 (uniformRM ('a', 'z') globalStdGen)
"tdzxhyfvgr"

Since: 1.2.1

Mutable adapter in `IO`

newtype IOGen g Source #

Frozen version of mutable IOGenM generator

Since: 1.2.0

Constructors

IOGen
Fields unIOGen :: g

Instances

Instances details

Eq g => Eq ( IOGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods (==) :: IOGen g -> IOGen g -> Bool Source # (/=) :: IOGen g -> IOGen g -> Bool Source #
Ord g => Ord ( IOGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods compare :: IOGen g -> IOGen g -> Ordering Source # (<) :: IOGen g -> IOGen g -> Bool Source # (<=) :: IOGen g -> IOGen g -> Bool Source # (>) :: IOGen g -> IOGen g -> Bool Source # (>=) :: IOGen g -> IOGen g -> Bool Source # max :: IOGen g -> IOGen g -> IOGen g Source # min :: IOGen g -> IOGen g -> IOGen g Source #
Show g => Show ( IOGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods showsPrec :: Int -> IOGen g -> ShowS Source # show :: IOGen g -> String Source # showList :: [ IOGen g] -> ShowS Source #
Storable g => Storable ( IOGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods sizeOf :: IOGen g -> Int Source # alignment :: IOGen g -> Int Source # peekElemOff :: Ptr ( IOGen g) -> Int -> IO ( IOGen g) Source # pokeElemOff :: Ptr ( IOGen g) -> Int -> IOGen g -> IO () Source # peekByteOff :: Ptr b -> Int -> IO ( IOGen g) Source # pokeByteOff :: Ptr b -> Int -> IOGen g -> IO () Source # peek :: Ptr ( IOGen g) -> IO ( IOGen g) Source # poke :: Ptr ( IOGen g) -> IOGen g -> IO () Source #
NFData g => NFData ( IOGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods rnf :: IOGen g -> () Source #
RandomGen g => RandomGen ( IOGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods next :: IOGen g -> ( Int , IOGen g) Source # genWord8 :: IOGen g -> ( Word8 , IOGen g) Source # genWord16 :: IOGen g -> ( Word16 , IOGen g) Source # genWord32 :: IOGen g -> ( Word32 , IOGen g) Source # genWord64 :: IOGen g -> ( Word64 , IOGen g) Source # genWord32R :: Word32 -> IOGen g -> ( Word32 , IOGen g) Source # genWord64R :: Word64 -> IOGen g -> ( Word64 , IOGen g) Source # genShortByteString :: Int -> IOGen g -> ( ShortByteString , IOGen g) Source # genRange :: IOGen g -> ( Int , Int ) Source # split :: IOGen g -> ( IOGen g, IOGen g) Source #
( RandomGen g, MonadIO m) => FrozenGen ( IOGen g) m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Associated Types type MutableGen ( IOGen g) m = (g :: Type ) Source # Methods freezeGen :: MutableGen ( IOGen g) m -> m ( IOGen g) Source # thawGen :: IOGen g -> m ( MutableGen ( IOGen g) m) Source #
type MutableGen ( IOGen g) m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful type MutableGen ( IOGen g) m = IOGenM g

newtype IOGenM g Source #

Wraps an IORef that holds a pure pseudo-random number generator.

IOGenM is safe in the presence of exceptions, but not concurrency.
IOGenM is slower than StateGenM due to the extra pointer indirection.
IOGenM is faster than AtomicGenM since the IORef operations used by IOGenM are not atomic.

An example use case is writing pseudo-random bytes into a file:

>>> import UnliftIO.Temporary (withSystemTempFile)
>>> import Data.ByteString (hPutStr)
>>> let ioGen g = withSystemTempFile "foo.bin" $ \_ h -> uniformRM (0, 100) g >>= flip uniformByteStringM g >>= hPutStr h

and then run it:

>>> newIOGenM (mkStdGen 1729) >>= ioGen

Since: 1.2.0

Constructors

IOGenM
Fields unIOGenM :: IORef g

Instances

Instances details

( RandomGen g, MonadIO m) => StatefulGen ( IOGenM g) m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods uniformWord32R :: Word32 -> IOGenM g -> m Word32 Source # uniformWord64R :: Word64 -> IOGenM g -> m Word64 Source # uniformWord8 :: IOGenM g -> m Word8 Source # uniformWord16 :: IOGenM g -> m Word16 Source # uniformWord32 :: IOGenM g -> m Word32 Source # uniformWord64 :: IOGenM g -> m Word64 Source # uniformShortByteString :: Int -> IOGenM g -> m ShortByteString Source #
( RandomGen r, MonadIO m) => RandomGenM ( IOGenM r) r m Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods applyRandomGenM :: (r -> (a, r)) -> IOGenM r -> m a Source #

newIOGenM :: MonadIO m => g -> m ( IOGenM g) Source #

Creates a new IOGenM .

Since: 1.2.0

applyIOGen :: MonadIO m => (g -> (a, g)) -> IOGenM g -> m a Source #

Applies a pure operation to the wrapped pseudo-random number generator.

Examples

Expand

>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> let pureGen = mkStdGen 137
>>> g <- newIOGenM pureGen
>>> applyIOGen random g :: IO Int
7879794327570578227

Since: 1.2.0

Mutable adapter in `ST`

newtype STGen g Source #

Frozen version of mutable STGenM generator

Since: 1.2.0

Constructors

STGen
Fields unSTGen :: g

Instances

Instances details

Eq g => Eq ( STGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods (==) :: STGen g -> STGen g -> Bool Source # (/=) :: STGen g -> STGen g -> Bool Source #
Ord g => Ord ( STGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods compare :: STGen g -> STGen g -> Ordering Source # (<) :: STGen g -> STGen g -> Bool Source # (<=) :: STGen g -> STGen g -> Bool Source # (>) :: STGen g -> STGen g -> Bool Source # (>=) :: STGen g -> STGen g -> Bool Source # max :: STGen g -> STGen g -> STGen g Source # min :: STGen g -> STGen g -> STGen g Source #
Show g => Show ( STGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods showsPrec :: Int -> STGen g -> ShowS Source # show :: STGen g -> String Source # showList :: [ STGen g] -> ShowS Source #
Storable g => Storable ( STGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods sizeOf :: STGen g -> Int Source # alignment :: STGen g -> Int Source # peekElemOff :: Ptr ( STGen g) -> Int -> IO ( STGen g) Source # pokeElemOff :: Ptr ( STGen g) -> Int -> STGen g -> IO () Source # peekByteOff :: Ptr b -> Int -> IO ( STGen g) Source # pokeByteOff :: Ptr b -> Int -> STGen g -> IO () Source # peek :: Ptr ( STGen g) -> IO ( STGen g) Source # poke :: Ptr ( STGen g) -> STGen g -> IO () Source #
NFData g => NFData ( STGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods rnf :: STGen g -> () Source #
RandomGen g => RandomGen ( STGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods next :: STGen g -> ( Int , STGen g) Source # genWord8 :: STGen g -> ( Word8 , STGen g) Source # genWord16 :: STGen g -> ( Word16 , STGen g) Source # genWord32 :: STGen g -> ( Word32 , STGen g) Source # genWord64 :: STGen g -> ( Word64 , STGen g) Source # genWord32R :: Word32 -> STGen g -> ( Word32 , STGen g) Source # genWord64R :: Word64 -> STGen g -> ( Word64 , STGen g) Source # genShortByteString :: Int -> STGen g -> ( ShortByteString , STGen g) Source # genRange :: STGen g -> ( Int , Int ) Source # split :: STGen g -> ( STGen g, STGen g) Source #
RandomGen g => FrozenGen ( STGen g) ( ST s) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Associated Types type MutableGen ( STGen g) ( ST s) = (g :: Type ) Source # Methods freezeGen :: MutableGen ( STGen g) ( ST s) -> ST s ( STGen g) Source # thawGen :: STGen g -> ST s ( MutableGen ( STGen g) ( ST s)) Source #
type MutableGen ( STGen g) ( ST s) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful type MutableGen ( STGen g) ( ST s) = STGenM g s

newtype STGenM g s Source #

Wraps an STRef that holds a pure pseudo-random number generator.

STGenM is safe in the presence of exceptions, but not concurrency.
STGenM is slower than StateGenM due to the extra pointer indirection.

Since: 1.2.0

Constructors

STGenM
Fields unSTGenM :: STRef s g

Instances

Instances details

RandomGen r => RandomGenM ( STGenM r s) r ( ST s) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods applyRandomGenM :: (r -> (a, r)) -> STGenM r s -> ST s a Source #
RandomGen g => StatefulGen ( STGenM g s) ( ST s) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods uniformWord32R :: Word32 -> STGenM g s -> ST s Word32 Source # uniformWord64R :: Word64 -> STGenM g s -> ST s Word64 Source # uniformWord8 :: STGenM g s -> ST s Word8 Source # uniformWord16 :: STGenM g s -> ST s Word16 Source # uniformWord32 :: STGenM g s -> ST s Word32 Source # uniformWord64 :: STGenM g s -> ST s Word64 Source # uniformShortByteString :: Int -> STGenM g s -> ST s ShortByteString Source #

newSTGenM :: g -> ST s ( STGenM g s) Source #

Creates a new STGenM .

Since: 1.2.0

applySTGen :: (g -> (a, g)) -> STGenM g s -> ST s a Source #

Applies a pure operation to the wrapped pseudo-random number generator.

Examples

Expand

>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> let pureGen = mkStdGen 137
>>> (runSTGen pureGen (\g -> applySTGen random g)) :: (Int, StdGen)
(7879794327570578227,StdGen {unStdGen = SMGen 11285859549637045894 7641485672361121627})

Since: 1.2.0

runSTGen :: RandomGen g => g -> ( forall s. STGenM g s -> ST s a) -> (a, g) Source #

Runs a monadic generating action in the ST monad using a pure pseudo-random number generator.

Examples

Expand

>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> let pureGen = mkStdGen 137
>>> (runSTGen pureGen (\g -> applySTGen random g)) :: (Int, StdGen)
(7879794327570578227,StdGen {unStdGen = SMGen 11285859549637045894 7641485672361121627})

Since: 1.2.0

runSTGen_ :: RandomGen g => g -> ( forall s. STGenM g s -> ST s a) -> a Source #

Runs a monadic generating action in the ST monad using a pure pseudo-random number generator. Returns only the resulting pseudo-random value.

Examples

Expand

>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> let pureGen = mkStdGen 137
>>> (runSTGen_ pureGen (\g -> applySTGen random g)) :: Int
7879794327570578227

Since: 1.2.0

Mutable adapter in `STM`

newtype TGen g Source #

Frozen version of mutable TGenM generator

Since: 1.2.1

Constructors

TGen
Fields unTGen :: g

Instances

Instances details

Eq g => Eq ( TGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods (==) :: TGen g -> TGen g -> Bool Source # (/=) :: TGen g -> TGen g -> Bool Source #
Ord g => Ord ( TGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods compare :: TGen g -> TGen g -> Ordering Source # (<) :: TGen g -> TGen g -> Bool Source # (<=) :: TGen g -> TGen g -> Bool Source # (>) :: TGen g -> TGen g -> Bool Source # (>=) :: TGen g -> TGen g -> Bool Source # max :: TGen g -> TGen g -> TGen g Source # min :: TGen g -> TGen g -> TGen g Source #
Show g => Show ( TGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods showsPrec :: Int -> TGen g -> ShowS Source # show :: TGen g -> String Source # showList :: [ TGen g] -> ShowS Source #
Storable g => Storable ( TGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods sizeOf :: TGen g -> Int Source # alignment :: TGen g -> Int Source # peekElemOff :: Ptr ( TGen g) -> Int -> IO ( TGen g) Source # pokeElemOff :: Ptr ( TGen g) -> Int -> TGen g -> IO () Source # peekByteOff :: Ptr b -> Int -> IO ( TGen g) Source # pokeByteOff :: Ptr b -> Int -> TGen g -> IO () Source # peek :: Ptr ( TGen g) -> IO ( TGen g) Source # poke :: Ptr ( TGen g) -> TGen g -> IO () Source #
NFData g => NFData ( TGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods rnf :: TGen g -> () Source #
RandomGen g => RandomGen ( TGen g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods next :: TGen g -> ( Int , TGen g) Source # genWord8 :: TGen g -> ( Word8 , TGen g) Source # genWord16 :: TGen g -> ( Word16 , TGen g) Source # genWord32 :: TGen g -> ( Word32 , TGen g) Source # genWord64 :: TGen g -> ( Word64 , TGen g) Source # genWord32R :: Word32 -> TGen g -> ( Word32 , TGen g) Source # genWord64R :: Word64 -> TGen g -> ( Word64 , TGen g) Source # genShortByteString :: Int -> TGen g -> ( ShortByteString , TGen g) Source # genRange :: TGen g -> ( Int , Int ) Source # split :: TGen g -> ( TGen g, TGen g) Source #
RandomGen g => FrozenGen ( TGen g) STM Source #	Since: 1.2.1
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Associated Types type MutableGen ( TGen g) STM = (g :: Type ) Source # Methods freezeGen :: MutableGen ( TGen g) STM -> STM ( TGen g) Source # thawGen :: TGen g -> STM ( MutableGen ( TGen g) STM ) Source #
type MutableGen ( TGen g) STM Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful type MutableGen ( TGen g) STM = TGenM g

newtype TGenM g Source #

Wraps a TVar that holds a pure pseudo-random number generator.

Since: 1.2.1

Constructors

TGenM
Fields unTGenM :: TVar g

Instances

Instances details

RandomGen g => StatefulGen ( TGenM g) STM Source #	Since: 1.2.1
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods uniformWord32R :: Word32 -> TGenM g -> STM Word32 Source # uniformWord64R :: Word64 -> TGenM g -> STM Word64 Source # uniformWord8 :: TGenM g -> STM Word8 Source # uniformWord16 :: TGenM g -> STM Word16 Source # uniformWord32 :: TGenM g -> STM Word32 Source # uniformWord64 :: TGenM g -> STM Word64 Source # uniformShortByteString :: Int -> TGenM g -> STM ShortByteString Source #
RandomGen r => RandomGenM ( TGenM r) r STM Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Stateful Methods applyRandomGenM :: (r -> (a, r)) -> TGenM r -> STM a Source #

newTGenM :: g -> STM ( TGenM g) Source #

Creates a new TGenM in STM .

Since: 1.2.1

newTGenMIO :: MonadIO m => g -> m ( TGenM g) Source #

Creates a new TGenM in IO .

Since: 1.2.1

applyTGen :: (g -> (a, g)) -> TGenM g -> STM a Source #

Applies a pure operation to the wrapped pseudo-random number generator.

Examples

Expand

>>> import Control.Concurrent.STM
>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> import Data.Int (Int32)
>>> let pureGen = mkStdGen 137
>>> stmGen <- newTGenMIO pureGen
>>> atomically $ applyTGen uniform stmGen :: IO Int32
637238067

Since: 1.2.1

Pseudo-random values of various types

This library provides two type classes to generate pseudo-random values:

UniformRange is used to generate a value of a type uniformly within a range.
Uniform is used to generate a value of a type uniformly over all possible values of that type.

Types may have instances for both or just one of UniformRange and Uniform . A few examples illustrate this:

Int , Word16 and Bool are instances of both UniformRange and Uniform .
Integer , Float and Double each have an instance for UniformRange but no Uniform instance.
A hypothetical type Radian representing angles by taking values in the range [0, 2π) has a trivial Uniform instance, but no UniformRange instance: the problem is that two given Radian values always span two ranges, one clockwise and one anti-clockwise.
It is trivial to construct a Uniform (a, b) instance given Uniform a and Uniform b (and this library provides this tuple instance).
On the other hand, there is no correct way to construct a UniformRange (a, b) instance based on just UniformRange a and UniformRange b .

class Uniform a where Source #

The class of types for which a uniformly distributed value can be drawn from all possible values of the type.

Since: 1.2.0

Minimal complete definition

Nothing

Methods

uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m a Source #

Generates a value uniformly distributed over all possible values of that type.

There is a default implementation via Generic :

>>> :set -XDeriveGeneric -XDeriveAnyClass
>>> import GHC.Generics (Generic)
>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> data MyBool = MyTrue | MyFalse deriving (Show, Generic, Finite, Uniform)
>>> data Action = Code MyBool | Eat (Maybe Bool) | Sleep deriving (Show, Generic, Finite, Uniform)
>>> gen <- newIOGenM (mkStdGen 42)
>>> uniformListM 10 gen :: IO [Action]
[Code MyTrue,Code MyTrue,Eat Nothing,Code MyFalse,Eat (Just False),Eat (Just True),Eat Nothing,Eat (Just False),Sleep,Code MyFalse]

Since: 1.2.0

default uniformM :: ( StatefulGen g m, Generic a, GUniform ( Rep a)) => g -> m a Source #

Instances

Instances details

Uniform Bool Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m Bool Source #
Uniform Char Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m Char Source #
Uniform Int Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m Int Source #
Uniform Int8 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m Int8 Source #
Uniform Int16 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m Int16 Source #
Uniform Int32 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m Int32 Source #
Uniform Int64 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m Int64 Source #
Uniform Word Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m Word Source #
Uniform Word8 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m Word8 Source #
Uniform Word16 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m Word16 Source #
Uniform Word32 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m Word32 Source #
Uniform Word64 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m Word64 Source #
Uniform () Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m () Source #
Uniform CChar Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CChar Source #
Uniform CSChar Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CSChar Source #
Uniform CUChar Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CUChar Source #
Uniform CShort Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CShort Source #
Uniform CUShort Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CUShort Source #
Uniform CInt Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CInt Source #
Uniform CUInt Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CUInt Source #
Uniform CLong Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CLong Source #
Uniform CULong Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CULong Source #
Uniform CLLong Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CLLong Source #
Uniform CULLong Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CULLong Source #
Uniform CBool Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CBool Source #
Uniform CPtrdiff Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CPtrdiff Source #
Uniform CSize Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CSize Source #
Uniform CWchar Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CWchar Source #
Uniform CSigAtomic Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CSigAtomic Source #
Uniform CIntPtr Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CIntPtr Source #
Uniform CUIntPtr Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CUIntPtr Source #
Uniform CIntMax Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CIntMax Source #
Uniform CUIntMax Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m CUIntMax Source #
( Uniform a, Uniform b) => Uniform (a, b) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m (a, b) Source #
( Uniform a, Uniform b, Uniform c) => Uniform (a, b, c) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m (a, b, c) Source #
( Uniform a, Uniform b, Uniform c, Uniform d) => Uniform (a, b, c, d) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m (a, b, c, d) Source #
( Uniform a, Uniform b, Uniform c, Uniform d, Uniform e) => Uniform (a, b, c, d, e) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m (a, b, c, d, e) Source #
( Uniform a, Uniform b, Uniform c, Uniform d, Uniform e, Uniform f) => Uniform (a, b, c, d, e, f) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g m => g -> m (a, b, c, d, e, f) Source #
( Uniform a, Uniform b, Uniform c, Uniform d, Uniform e, Uniform f, Uniform g) => Uniform (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformM :: StatefulGen g0 m => g0 -> m (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) Source #

uniformListM :: ( StatefulGen g m, Uniform a) => Int -> g -> m [a] Source #

Generates a list of pseudo-random values.

Examples

Expand

>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> let pureGen = mkStdGen 137
>>> g <- newIOGenM pureGen
>>> uniformListM 10 g :: IO [Bool]
[True,True,True,True,False,True,True,False,False,False]

Since: 1.2.0

uniformViaFiniteM :: ( StatefulGen g m, Generic a, GFinite ( Rep a)) => g -> m a Source #

A definition of Uniform for Finite types. If your data has several fields of sub- Word cardinality, this instance may be more efficient than one, derived via Generic and GUniform .

>>> :set -XDeriveGeneric -XDeriveAnyClass
>>> import GHC.Generics (Generic)
>>> import System.Random.Stateful
>>> data Triple = Triple Word8 Word8 Word8 deriving (Show, Generic, Finite)
>>> instance Uniform Triple where uniformM = uniformViaFiniteM
>>> gen <- newIOGenM (mkStdGen 42)
>>> uniformListM 5 gen :: IO [Triple]
[Triple 60 226 48,Triple 234 194 151,Triple 112 96 95,Triple 51 251 15,Triple 6 0 208]

class UniformRange a where Source #

The class of types for which a uniformly distributed value can be drawn from a range.

Since: 1.2.0

Methods

uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => (a, a) -> g -> m a Source #

Generates a value uniformly distributed over the provided range, which is interpreted as inclusive in the lower and upper bound.

uniformRM (1 :: Int, 4 :: Int) generates values uniformly from the set \(\{1,2,3,4\}\)
uniformRM (1 :: Float, 4 :: Float) generates values uniformly from the set \(\{x\;|\;1 \le x \le 4\}\)

The following law should hold to make the function always defined:

uniformRM (a, b) = uniformRM (b, a)

Since: 1.2.0

Instances

Instances details

UniformRange Bool Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Bool , Bool ) -> g -> m Bool Source #
UniformRange Char Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Char , Char ) -> g -> m Char Source #
UniformRange Double Source #	See Floating point number caveats .
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Double , Double ) -> g -> m Double Source #
UniformRange Float Source #	See Floating point number caveats .
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Float , Float ) -> g -> m Float Source #
UniformRange Int Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Int , Int ) -> g -> m Int Source #
UniformRange Int8 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Int8 , Int8 ) -> g -> m Int8 Source #
UniformRange Int16 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Int16 , Int16 ) -> g -> m Int16 Source #
UniformRange Int32 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Int32 , Int32 ) -> g -> m Int32 Source #
UniformRange Int64 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Int64 , Int64 ) -> g -> m Int64 Source #
UniformRange Integer Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Integer , Integer ) -> g -> m Integer Source #
UniformRange Natural Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Natural , Natural ) -> g -> m Natural Source #
UniformRange Word Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Word , Word ) -> g -> m Word Source #
UniformRange Word8 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Word8 , Word8 ) -> g -> m Word8 Source #
UniformRange Word16 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Word16 , Word16 ) -> g -> m Word16 Source #
UniformRange Word32 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Word32 , Word32 ) -> g -> m Word32 Source #
UniformRange Word64 Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( Word64 , Word64 ) -> g -> m Word64 Source #
UniformRange () Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ((), ()) -> g -> m () Source #
UniformRange CChar Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CChar , CChar ) -> g -> m CChar Source #
UniformRange CSChar Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CSChar , CSChar ) -> g -> m CSChar Source #
UniformRange CUChar Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CUChar , CUChar ) -> g -> m CUChar Source #
UniformRange CShort Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CShort , CShort ) -> g -> m CShort Source #
UniformRange CUShort Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CUShort , CUShort ) -> g -> m CUShort Source #
UniformRange CInt Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CInt , CInt ) -> g -> m CInt Source #
UniformRange CUInt Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CUInt , CUInt ) -> g -> m CUInt Source #
UniformRange CLong Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CLong , CLong ) -> g -> m CLong Source #
UniformRange CULong Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CULong , CULong ) -> g -> m CULong Source #
UniformRange CLLong Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CLLong , CLLong ) -> g -> m CLLong Source #
UniformRange CULLong Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CULLong , CULLong ) -> g -> m CULLong Source #
UniformRange CBool Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CBool , CBool ) -> g -> m CBool Source #
UniformRange CFloat Source #	See Floating point number caveats .
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CFloat , CFloat ) -> g -> m CFloat Source #
UniformRange CDouble Source #	See Floating point number caveats .
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CDouble , CDouble ) -> g -> m CDouble Source #
UniformRange CPtrdiff Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CPtrdiff , CPtrdiff ) -> g -> m CPtrdiff Source #
UniformRange CSize Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CSize , CSize ) -> g -> m CSize Source #
UniformRange CWchar Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CWchar , CWchar ) -> g -> m CWchar Source #
UniformRange CSigAtomic Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CSigAtomic , CSigAtomic ) -> g -> m CSigAtomic Source #
UniformRange CIntPtr Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CIntPtr , CIntPtr ) -> g -> m CIntPtr Source #
UniformRange CUIntPtr Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CUIntPtr , CUIntPtr ) -> g -> m CUIntPtr Source #
UniformRange CIntMax Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CIntMax , CIntMax ) -> g -> m CIntMax Source #
UniformRange CUIntMax Source #
Instance details Defined in System.Random.Internal Methods uniformRM :: StatefulGen g m => ( CUIntMax , CUIntMax ) -> g -> m CUIntMax Source #

Generators for sequences of pseudo-random bytes

genShortByteStringIO Source #

Arguments

:: MonadIO m
=> Int	Number of bytes to generate
-> m Word64	IO action that can generate 8 random bytes at a time
-> m ShortByteString

Efficiently generates a sequence of pseudo-random bytes in a platform independent manner.

Since: 1.2.0

genShortByteStringST :: Int -> ST s Word64 -> ST s ShortByteString Source #

Same as genShortByteStringIO , but runs in ST .

Since: 1.2.0

uniformByteStringM :: StatefulGen g m => Int -> g -> m ByteString Source #

Generates a pseudo-random ByteString of the specified size.

Since: 1.2.0

uniformDouble01M :: forall g m. StatefulGen g m => g -> m Double Source #

Generates uniformly distributed Double in the range \([0, 1]\) . Numbers are generated by generating uniform Word64 and dividing it by \(2^{64}\) . It's used to implement UniformRange instance for Double .

Since: 1.2.0

uniformDoublePositive01M :: forall g m. StatefulGen g m => g -> m Double Source #

Generates uniformly distributed Double in the range \((0, 1]\) . Number is generated as \(2^{-64}/2+\operatorname{uniformDouble01M}\) . Constant is 1/2 of smallest nonzero value which could be generated by uniformDouble01M .

Since: 1.2.0

uniformFloat01M :: forall g m. StatefulGen g m => g -> m Float Source #

Generates uniformly distributed Float in the range \([0, 1]\) . Numbers are generated by generating uniform Word32 and dividing it by \(2^{32}\) . It's used to implement UniformRange instance for Float .

Since: 1.2.0

uniformFloatPositive01M :: forall g m. StatefulGen g m => g -> m Float Source #

Generates uniformly distributed Float in the range \((0, 1]\) . Number is generated as \(2^{-32}/2+\operatorname{uniformFloat01M}\) . Constant is 1/2 of smallest nonzero value which could be generated by uniformFloat01M .

Since: 1.2.0

uniformEnumM :: forall a g m. ( Enum a, Bounded a, StatefulGen g m) => g -> m a Source #

Generates uniformly distributed Enum . One can use it to define a Uniform instance:

data Colors = Red | Green | Blue deriving (Enum, Bounded)
instance Uniform Colors where uniformM = uniformEnumM

Since: 1.2.1

uniformEnumRM :: forall a g m. ( Enum a, StatefulGen g m) => (a, a) -> g -> m a Source #

Generates uniformly distributed Enum in the given range. One can use it to define a UniformRange instance:

data Colors = Red | Green | Blue deriving (Enum)
instance UniformRange Colors where
  uniformRM = uniformEnumRM
  inInRange (lo, hi) x = isInRange (fromEnum lo, fromEnum hi) (fromEnum x)

Since: 1.2.1

Appendix

How to implement `StatefulGen`

Typically, a monadic pseudo-random number generator has facilities to save and restore its internal state in addition to generating pseudo-random numbers.

Here is an example instance for the monadic pseudo-random number generator from the mwc-random package:

instance (s ~ PrimState m, PrimMonad m) => StatefulGen (MWC.Gen s) m where
  uniformWord8 = MWC.uniform
  uniformWord16 = MWC.uniform
  uniformWord32 = MWC.uniform
  uniformWord64 = MWC.uniform
  uniformShortByteString n g = unsafeSTToPrim (genShortByteStringST n (MWC.uniform g))

instance PrimMonad m => FrozenGen MWC.Seed m where
  type MutableGen MWC.Seed m = MWC.Gen (PrimState m)
  thawGen = MWC.restore
  freezeGen = MWC.save

`FrozenGen`

FrozenGen gives us ability to use any stateful pseudo-random number generator in its immutable form, if one exists that is. This concept is commonly known as a seed, which allows us to save and restore the actual mutable state of a pseudo-random number generator. The biggest benefit that can be drawn from a polymorphic access to a stateful pseudo-random number generator in a frozen form is the ability to serialize, deserialize and possibly even use the stateful generator in a pure setting without knowing the actual type of a generator ahead of time. For example we can write a function that accepts a frozen state of some pseudo-random number generator and produces a short list with random even integers.

>>> import Data.Int (Int8)
>>> :{
myCustomRandomList :: FrozenGen f m => f -> m [Int8]
myCustomRandomList f =
  withMutableGen_ f $ \gen -> do
    len <- uniformRM (5, 10) gen
    replicateM len $ do
      x <- uniformM gen
      pure $ if even x then x else x + 1
:}

and later we can apply it to a frozen version of a stateful generator, such as STGen :

>>> print $ runST $ myCustomRandomList (STGen (mkStdGen 217))
[-50,-2,4,-8,-58,-40,24,-32,-110,24]

or a Seed from mwc-random :

>>> import Data.Vector.Primitive as P
>>> print $ runST $ myCustomRandomList (MWC.toSeed (P.fromList [1,2,3]))
[24,40,10,40,-8,48,-78,70,-12]

Alternatively, instead of discarding the final state of the generator, as it happens above, we could have used withMutableGen , which together with the result would give us back its frozen form. This would allow us to store the end state of our generator somewhere for the later reuse.

Floating point number caveats

The UniformRange instances for Float and Double use the following procedure to generate a random value in a range for uniformRM (a, b) g :

If \(a = b\) , return \(a\) . Otherwise:

Generate \(x\) uniformly such that \(0 \leq x \leq 1\) .

The method by which \(x\) is sampled does not cover all representable floating point numbers in the unit interval. The method never generates denormal floating point numbers, for example.
Return \(x \cdot a + (1 - x) \cdot b\) .

Due to rounding errors, floating point operations are neither associative nor distributive the way the corresponding operations on real numbers are. Additionally, floating point numbers admit special values NaN as well as negative and positive infinity.

For pathological values, step 2 can yield surprising results.

The result may be greater than max a b .

>>> :{
let (a, b, x) = (-2.13238e-29, -2.1323799e-29, 0.27736077)
    result = x * a + (1 - x) * b :: Float
in (result, result > max a b)
:}
(-2.1323797e-29,True)

The result may be smaller than min a b .

>>> :{
let (a, b, x) = (-1.9087862, -1.908786, 0.4228573)
    result = x * a + (1 - x) * b :: Float
in (result, result < min a b)
:}
(-1.9087863,True)

What happens when NaN or Infinity are given to uniformRM ? We first define them as constants:

>>> nan = read "NaN" :: Float
>>> inf = read "Infinity" :: Float

If at least one of \(a\) or \(b\) is NaN , the result is NaN .

>>> let (a, b, x) = (nan, 1, 0.5) in x * a + (1 - x) * b
NaN
>>> let (a, b, x) = (-1, nan, 0.5) in x * a + (1 - x) * b
NaN

If \(a\) is -Infinity and \(b\) is Infinity , the result is NaN .

>>> let (a, b, x) = (-inf, inf, 0.5) in x * a + (1 - x) * b
NaN

Otherwise, if \(a\) is Infinity or -Infinity , the result is \(a\) .

>>> let (a, b, x) = (inf, 1, 0.5) in x * a + (1 - x) * b
Infinity
>>> let (a, b, x) = (-inf, 1, 0.5) in x * a + (1 - x) * b
-Infinity

Otherwise, if \(b\) is Infinity or -Infinity , the result is \(b\) .

>>> let (a, b, x) = (1, inf, 0.5) in x * a + (1 - x) * b
Infinity
>>> let (a, b, x) = (1, -inf, 0.5) in x * a + (1 - x) * b
-Infinity

Note that the GCC 10.1.0 C++ standard library , the Java 10 standard library and CPython 3.8 use the same procedure to generate floating point values in a range.

References

Guy L. Steele, Jr., Doug Lea, and Christine H. Flood. 2014. Fast splittable pseudorandom number generators. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Conference on Object Oriented Programming Systems Languages & Applications (OOPSLA '14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 453-472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2660193.2660195

Pure Random Generator

Monadic Random Generator

Usage

Mutable pseudo-random number generator interfaces

Instances

Instances

Instances

Examples

Examples

Examples

Examples

Monadic adapters for pure pseudo-random number generators

Pure adapter

Instances

Instances

Examples

Examples

Examples

Examples

Mutable adapter with atomic operations

Instances

Instances

Examples

Mutable adapter in IO

Instances

Instances

Examples

Mutable adapter in ST

Instances

Instances

Examples

Examples

Examples

Mutable adapter in STM

Instances

Instances

Examples

Pseudo-random values of various types

Instances

Examples

Instances

Generators for sequences of pseudo-random bytes

Appendix

How to implement StatefulGen

FrozenGen

Floating point number caveats

References

Mutable adapter in `IO`

Mutable adapter in `ST`

Mutable adapter in `STM`

How to implement `StatefulGen`

`FrozenGen`