| Copyright |
(c) Andy Gill 2001
(c) Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology 2001 |
|---|---|
| License | BSD-style (see the file LICENSE) |
| Maintainer | libraries@haskell.org |
| Stability | experimental |
| Portability | non-portable (multi-param classes, functional dependencies) |
| Safe Haskell | Safe |
| Language | Haskell2010 |
Control.Monad.State.Strict
Description
Strict state monads.
This module is inspired by the paper Functional Programming with Overloading and Higher-Order Polymorphism , Mark P Jones ( http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~mpj/ ) Advanced School of Functional Programming, 1995.
Synopsis
- class Monad m => MonadState s m | m -> s where
- modify :: MonadState s m => (s -> s) -> m ()
- modify' :: MonadState s m => (s -> s) -> m ()
- gets :: MonadState s m => (s -> a) -> m a
- type State s = StateT s Identity
- runState :: State s a -> s -> (a, s)
- evalState :: State s a -> s -> a
- execState :: State s a -> s -> s
- mapState :: ((a, s) -> (b, s)) -> State s a -> State s b
- withState :: (s -> s) -> State s a -> State s a
- newtype StateT s (m :: Type -> Type ) a = StateT (s -> m (a, s))
- runStateT :: StateT s m a -> s -> m (a, s)
- evalStateT :: Monad m => StateT s m a -> s -> m a
- execStateT :: Monad m => StateT s m a -> s -> m s
- mapStateT :: (m (a, s) -> n (b, s)) -> StateT s m a -> StateT s n b
- withStateT :: forall s (m :: Type -> Type ) a. (s -> s) -> StateT s m a -> StateT s m a
- module Control.Monad
- module Control.Monad.Fix
- module Control.Monad.Trans
MonadState class
class Monad m => MonadState s m | m -> s where Source #
Minimal definition is either both of
get
and
put
or just
state
Methods
Return the state from the internals of the monad.
Replace the state inside the monad.
state :: (s -> (a, s)) -> m a Source #
Embed a simple state action into the monad.
Instances
| MonadState s m => MonadState s ( MaybeT m) Source # | |
| MonadState s m => MonadState s ( ListT m) Source # | |
| ( Monoid w, MonadState s m) => MonadState s ( WriterT w m) Source # | |
| ( Monoid w, MonadState s m) => MonadState s ( WriterT w m) Source # | |
| MonadState s m => MonadState s ( ReaderT r m) Source # | |
| MonadState s m => MonadState s ( IdentityT m) Source # | |
| MonadState s m => MonadState s ( ExceptT e m) Source # |
Since: 2.2 |
| ( Error e, MonadState s m) => MonadState s ( ErrorT e m) Source # | |
| Monad m => MonadState s ( StateT s m) Source # | |
| Monad m => MonadState s ( StateT s m) Source # | |
| MonadState s m => MonadState s ( ContT r m) Source # | |
| ( Monad m, Monoid w) => MonadState s ( RWST r w s m) Source # | |
| ( Monad m, Monoid w) => MonadState s ( RWST r w s m) Source # | |
modify :: MonadState s m => (s -> s) -> m () Source #
Monadic state transformer.
Maps an old state to a new state inside a state monad. The old state is thrown away.
Main> :t modify ((+1) :: Int -> Int)
modify (...) :: (MonadState Int a) => a ()
This says that
modify (+1)
acts over any
Monad that is a member of the
MonadState
class,
with an
Int
state.
modify' :: MonadState s m => (s -> s) -> m () Source #
A variant of
modify
in which the computation is strict in the
new state.
Since: 2.2
gets :: MonadState s m => (s -> a) -> m a Source #
Gets specific component of the state, using a projection function supplied.
The State monad
type State s = StateT s Identity Source #
A state monad parameterized by the type
s
of the state to carry.
The
return
function leaves the state unchanged, while
>>=
uses
the final state of the first computation as the initial state of
the second.
Arguments
| :: State s a |
state-passing computation to execute |
| -> s |
initial state |
| -> (a, s) |
return value and final state |
Unwrap a state monad computation as a function.
(The inverse of
state
.)
Arguments
| :: State s a |
state-passing computation to execute |
| -> s |
initial value |
| -> a |
return value of the state computation |
Arguments
| :: State s a |
state-passing computation to execute |
| -> s |
initial value |
| -> s |
final state |
The StateT monad transformer
newtype StateT s (m :: Type -> Type ) a Source #
A state transformer monad parameterized by:
-
s- The state. -
m- The inner monad.
The
return
function leaves the state unchanged, while
>>=
uses
the final state of the first computation as the initial state of
the second.
Constructors
| StateT (s -> m (a, s)) |
Instances
evalStateT :: Monad m => StateT s m a -> s -> m a Source #
Evaluate a state computation with the given initial state and return the final value, discarding the final state.
-
evalStateTm s =liftMfst(runStateTm s)
execStateT :: Monad m => StateT s m a -> s -> m s Source #
Evaluate a state computation with the given initial state and return the final state, discarding the final value.
-
execStateTm s =liftMsnd(runStateTm s)
withStateT :: forall s (m :: Type -> Type ) a. (s -> s) -> StateT s m a -> StateT s m a Source #
executes action
withStateT
f m
m
on a state modified by
applying
f
.
-
withStateTf m =modifyf >> m
module Control.Monad
module Control.Monad.Fix
module Control.Monad.Trans
Examples
A function to increment a counter. Taken from the paper Generalising Monads to Arrows , John Hughes ( http://www.math.chalmers.se/~rjmh/ ), November 1998:
tick :: State Int Int
tick = do n <- get
put (n+1)
return n
Add one to the given number using the state monad:
plusOne :: Int -> Int plusOne n = execState tick n
A contrived addition example. Works only with positive numbers:
plus :: Int -> Int -> Int plus n x = execState (sequence $ replicate n tick) x
An example from The Craft of Functional Programming , Simon Thompson ( http://www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/staff/sjt/ ), Addison-Wesley 1999: "Given an arbitrary tree, transform it to a tree of integers in which the original elements are replaced by natural numbers, starting from 0. The same element has to be replaced by the same number at every occurrence, and when we meet an as-yet-unvisited element we have to find a 'new' number to match it with:"
data Tree a = Nil | Node a (Tree a) (Tree a) deriving (Show, Eq) type Table a = [a]
numberTree :: Eq a => Tree a -> State (Table a) (Tree Int)
numberTree Nil = return Nil
numberTree (Node x t1 t2)
= do num <- numberNode x
nt1 <- numberTree t1
nt2 <- numberTree t2
return (Node num nt1 nt2)
where
numberNode :: Eq a => a -> State (Table a) Int
numberNode x
= do table <- get
(newTable, newPos) <- return (nNode x table)
put newTable
return newPos
nNode:: (Eq a) => a -> Table a -> (Table a, Int)
nNode x table
= case (findIndexInList (== x) table) of
Nothing -> (table ++ [x], length table)
Just i -> (table, i)
findIndexInList :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> Maybe Int
findIndexInList = findIndexInListHelp 0
findIndexInListHelp _ _ [] = Nothing
findIndexInListHelp count f (h:t)
= if (f h)
then Just count
else findIndexInListHelp (count+1) f t
numTree applies numberTree with an initial state:
numTree :: (Eq a) => Tree a -> Tree Int numTree t = evalState (numberTree t) []
testTree = Node "Zero" (Node "One" (Node "Two" Nil Nil) (Node "One" (Node "Zero" Nil Nil) Nil)) Nil numTree testTree => Node 0 (Node 1 (Node 2 Nil Nil) (Node 1 (Node 0 Nil Nil) Nil)) Nil
sumTree is a little helper function that does not use the State monad:
sumTree :: (Num a) => Tree a -> a sumTree Nil = 0 sumTree (Node e t1 t2) = e + (sumTree t1) + (sumTree t2)